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Cambridge IGCSE English Literature (0475 / 0992)
Comprehensive CAIE-specific revision: act-by-act analysis, character studies, thematic exploration, 23 key quotations with analysis, language and structural techniques, and full exam guidance covering passage-based and essay questions with all four Assessment Objectives.
Each act includes a scene-by-scene breakdown and key quotations for revision.
The three Witches meet on a heath amid thunder and lightning, establishing the atmosphere of evil with 'Fair is foul, and foul is fair'.
A wounded Captain reports Macbeth's bravery in battle against the rebel Macdonwald and the Norwegian army. Duncan awards the title Thane of Cawdor to Macbeth.
The Witches prophesy that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and King, and that Banquo's descendants will be kings. Ross arrives to confirm Macbeth is now Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth's aside reveals his first thoughts of murder.
Duncan names Malcolm as his heir. Macbeth recognises this as an obstacle and asks the stars to 'hide your fires' - his ambition is growing.
Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth's letter and fears he is 'too full o'th'milk of human kindness'. She delivers the 'unsex me' soliloquy, invoking dark spirits. She tells Macbeth to 'look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under't'.
Duncan arrives at Macbeth's castle and praises its 'pleasant seat' - dramatic irony, as his murder is being planned within.
Macbeth's soliloquy ('If it were done when 'tis done') weighs the arguments against murder. He decides to proceed no further. Lady Macbeth attacks his manhood and outlines the plan to frame the guards. Macbeth agrees: 'I am settled'.
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Macbeth by William Shakespeare is in the public domain. Quotations are reproduced freely.